CCS Potentials

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be referred to a process where the CO2 emissions coming from industrial processes is captured and transported to a long-term storage unit, generally underground. The aim is to mitigate green house gas emissions from industrial processes. In TIAM, many sources were used to gather the regional data on geological and ocean carbon storage potentials and their respective costs involved ( [1] , [2], [3]). There are significant uncertainities related to the data. A summary of the assumed CCS potentials per geographical area along with total potential is shown in the table below. The potentials have been calibrated based on the literature estimatated values ( [4], [5]). From the table, it is evident that the deep saline aquifers have the highest potential, but high uncertainity as well. Hence, the costs in the TIAM model for deep saline aquifers were also considered very high so that it represents as a backstop option.

Table 1: Assumed carbon storage potentials by different categories and geographical regions [1]

Category	Africa	Asia	America	Europe	FSU	Oceania	Total
Enhanced Oil Recovery	1	21	10	1	8	0	42
Depleted oil fields (onshore)	1	35	12	1	12	0	62
Depleted gas fields (onshore)	6	94	26	6	92	0	224
Depleted oil fields (offshore)	1	5	6	2	0	0	14
Depleted gas fields (offshore)	2	29	11	12	0	3	57
Enhanced Coalbed Methane <1000 m	1	33	23	10	20	10	98
Enhanced Coalbed Methane >1000 m	1	33	23	10	20	10	98
Storage in the deep ocean	0	37	36	20	0	20	114
Deep saline aquifers	409	1029	1193	205	409	205	3449
Total	423	1315	1340	268	562	250	4157

References

[1] S. Syri, A. Lehtilä, I. Savolainen und T. Ekholm, „Global energy and emissions scenarios for effective climate change mitigation- modelling study with the ETSAP/TIAM mitigation,“ VTT Energy systems, 2007.

[2] „IEA 2006b. Energy Technology Perspectives 2050. IEA, Paris, France.,“ 2006.

[3] „IPCC 2007 . Summary for Policy Makers. Working Group I. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.,“ 2007.

[4] Kauppi und Sedjo, „Technical and economic potential of options to enhance, maintain and manage biological carbon reservoirs and geo-engineering,“ in IPCC Third Asessment Report, Chapter 4, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2001.

[5] H. Herztog, E. Drake und E. Adams, „CO2 capture, reuse and storage technologies for mitigating global climate change,“ Final Report DOE Order No. DE-AF22-96PC01257, Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1997.